AI in Education: A Powerful Tool for Special Education—If We Use It Right

Artificial Intelligence is everywhere in education right now. From lesson planning to grading to personalized learning platforms, AI is changing how schools operate.

But in special education, AI has the potential to be either a powerful equity tool or another barrier—depending on how thoughtfully it’s used.

Where AI Can Support Students With Disabilities

When implemented responsibly, AI can increase access and reduce barriers for students who have historically been underserved.

Some promising applications include:

• Personalized learning paths that adjust pace, presentation, and repetition based on student needs

• Assistive technology such as speech-to-text, text-to-speech, and language supports

• Data organization that helps teams track progress toward IEP goals more clearly

• Executive functioning supports like reminders, chunked instructions, and visual schedules

• Multiple means of engagement, aligning with Universal Design for Learning (UDL)

For students who struggle with working memory, processing speed, written expression, or attention, AI can reduce cognitive load and allow them to show what they know—not just what they can write under pressure.

The Risks We Can’t Ignore

AI is not neutral. It reflects the data it’s trained on—and that data often does not represent students with disabilities well.

Real concerns include:

• Over-reliance on AI instead of skilled instruction and human relationships

• Misuse of AI data to justify less support instead of more

• One-size-fits-all tools marketed as “personalized”

• Accessibility gaps when tools are not designed with disabled users in mind

• Ethical and privacy concerns, especially for students with IEPs and 504 Plans

AI should support educators, not replace professional judgment, specialized instruction, or legally required services.

What Special Education Needs From AI

For AI to truly serve students with disabilities, schools must:

• Use AI as a supplement, not a replacement, for direct instruction and services

• Ensure tools are accessible, transparent, and customizable

• Train educators on ethical and appropriate use

• Involve parents, advocates, and students in decision-making

• Anchor all AI use to FAPE, IEP goals, and individual student needs

Technology does not provide FAPE.
People do.

The Bottom Line

AI has the potential to expand access, increase independence, and empower learners—but only if we center equity, inclusion, and individualized support in every decision.

Special education doesn’t need more shortcuts.
It needs smart tools, used with intention, in service of students—not systems.