IEP vs. 504: What’s the Difference?

What Is an IEP?

An Individualized Education Program (IEP) is a legal document under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). It’s designed for students who qualify for special education services because their disability impacts their ability to learn and make progress in the general education curriculum.

An IEP includes:

• Specialized instruction (not just accommodations, but teaching tailored to the child’s needs)

• Annual goals and progress monitoring

• Related services like speech therapy, occupational therapy, or counseling

• Accommodations and modifications in the classroom

• A team approach: parents, teachers, specialists, and administrators all collaborate

Think of an IEP as a roadmap with teaching strategies, goals, and services to help a child close learning gaps and access grade-level content.

What Is a 504 Plan?

A 504 Plan comes from Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, which is a civil rights law. It protects students with disabilities from discrimination in schools that receive federal funding.

A 504 plan does not provide specialized instruction. Instead, it ensures that students have equal access by putting accommodations in place.

Examples of 504 accommodations include:

• Extended time on tests or assignments

• Preferential seating

• Movement breaks

• Use of technology (like text-to-speech or a calculator)

• Reduced homework load in certain cases

Think of a 504 as a toolbox of supports that levels the playing field so a student can access learning like their peers.

Final Takeaway

Both IEPs and 504 Plans exist to make sure students with disabilities have access to a free, appropriate public education. The right choice depends on your child’s individual needs. If you’re unsure which path is best, consider requesting a school evaluation, bringing in outside data, or reaching out to an advocate who can help you navigate the process.

How to Know Which One Fits

• If your child needs specialized teaching and measurable goals (not just classroom accommodations), an IEP may be the right fit.

• If your child can access grade-level curriculum with adjustments and supports, a 504 plan may be more appropriate.

• Sometimes, families start with a 504 and move to an IEP if more intensive support is needed.

Final Takeaway

Both IEPs and 504 Plans exist to make sure students with disabilities have access to a free, appropriate public education. The right choice depends on your child’s individual needs. If you’re unsure which path is best, consider requesting a school evaluation, bringing in outside data, or reaching out to us to help you navigate the process.